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Electric trucks are not just reshaping freight transport—they’re setting social media abuzz. At the heart of this is regenerative braking, a technology that recaptures energy normally lost during braking and reinvests it into the battery. Here’s how it works

In conventional trucks, braking is a process of friction: the brake pads clamp down on the wheels, turning kinetic energy into heat. That heat, and the massive energy behind it, is simply lost to the air. But regenerative braking offers an alternative.

“With regeneration, all we’re doing is reversing the polarity of the electric motors and turning them into electric generators,” explains John Moore, electric vehicle product manager for Volvo Truck North America. Instead of wasting energy, the truck converts it back into electricity.

How the System Works

A motor and a generator are fundamentally the same device, just operating in reverse. When powered, the motor moves the wheels. When regenerative braking is activated, the motion of the wheels drives the motor, which becomes a generator and sends power back to the battery. This makes electric trucks far more efficient—especially since battery capacity is limited compared to diesel fuel.

Where Regenerative Braking Shines

The benefits of regenerative braking depend on factors like vehicle weight, driving terrain, and conditions. City driving, with its frequent stops, offers the greatest opportunity for energy recovery. But highway driving isn’t left out. For example, Nikola Motors reported recovering over 150 kWh of energy on a steep downhill route between Phoenix and Flagstaff—enough to fully charge two Tesla Model 3s.

Drivers Make the Difference

Regenerative braking is not just a matter of hardware—it also depends on the driver. Moore points out that while drivers initially enjoy the powerful acceleration of electric trucks, they soon shift focus to efficiency. Using a steering-column stalk or multi-position switch, they can control braking intensity and master “one-pedal driving,” where the accelerator alone manages speed and deceleration.

Smart Systems and Route Planning

Modern trucks use predictive cruise control, geofencing, and advanced software to identify the best opportunities for regenerative braking. Managing the system correctly can extend the range by up to 25% and reduce brake wear by as much as 30%. However, for the system to work, the battery needs available capacity—often below 70% charge.

Training for Maximum Efficiency

With the rise of electric trucks, fleets are investing in driver training to unlock the full potential of regenerative braking. OEMs provide training programs, but mentoring and gamification often help drivers build the skills to manage energy efficiently.

As the industry heads into an electric future, regenerative braking will play a critical role—not just in improving performance and lowering costs, but in reshaping how goods move across the highways of America.

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